Refrigerant Blends:
Composition Changes During
Refrigerant Transfer and
Equipment Charging
Chemicals Section
January 2000
FOREWORD
Multi-component refrigerants are being used to replace several single compound refrigerants.
Composition changes can occur when these mixtures are removed as liquid from containers, and
these changes may be increased if more than one transfer occurs such as in repackaging. The
composition changes depend on the zeotropic nature of the mixture. These handling issues are
important to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), as refrigerant being charged into their
equipment must be within specified tolerances.
Table of Contents
Purpose......................................................................................................................................1
Scope.........................................................................................................................................1
Definitions ..................................................................................................................................1
Refrigerant Supply Chain.............................................................................................................2
Composition Change during Liquid Removal from Containers for Multi-component Refrigerant
Mixtures .....................................................................................................................................2
Suggestions for Minimizing Composition Changes.......................................................................7
Handling of Series 400 (Zeotropic) Refrigerants...........................................................................8
Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................9
References.................................................................................................................................9
TABLES
Table 1. R-410A and R-407C Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers .................3
Table 2. R-507 and R-404A Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers ...................3
FIGURES
Figure 1. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of
R-410A.......................................................................................................................................4
Figure 2. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of
R-407C.......................................................................................................................................4
Figure 3. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of
R-507 .........................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of
R-404A.......................................................................................................................................5
Figure 5. R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary
and Second Containers ...............................................................................................................6
Figure 6. R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary and Second Containers .7
APPENDIX
Appendix: Summary of Liquid Draw Calculations .......................................................................10
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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1. Purpose
This document is intended to provide information for repackagers and users on the proper
handling and repackaging of multi-component refrigerants. This is important since the refrigerant
being charged into equipment must be within tolerances specified in ASHRAE Standard 34.
2. Scope
This document provides some general information on the fractionation of refrigerant blends and
the situations under which it will occur. It also provides guidance on how to transfer multicomponent
refrigerants to minimize fractionation. Information on fractionation of specific blends
during liquid draw is included in an appendix.
3. Definitions
Azeotrope: A mixture of volatile substances whose equilibrium vapor-phase and liquid-phase
compositions are the same at a specific pressure.
Azeotropic temperature: The temperature at which the liquid and vapor phases of a blend have
the same mole fraction of each component at equilibrium for a specified pressure.
Blends: Refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or more different chemical compounds.
Bubble point: The liquid saturation temperature of a refrigerant; the temperature at which a liquid
refrigerant first begins to boil.
Dew point: The vapor saturation temperature of a refrigerant; the temperature at which the last
drop of liquid refrigerant boils; also the temperature where the refrigerant just begins to condense.
Fractionation: A change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more
volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s).
Glide: The absolute value of the difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a
phase-change process by a refrigerant blend, exclusive of any subcooling or superheating. This
term usually describes condensation or evaporation of a zeotrope. Temperature difference
between the bubble point and dew point.
Near azeotrope: A zeotropic blend with a temperature glide sufficiently small that it may be
disregarded without consequential error in analysis for a specific application.
Nominal composition: The composition of a refrigerant blend as specified in ASHRAE 34 Table
2.
Nonazeotrope: See zeotrope.
Refrigerant: Fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigeration system, which absorbs heat at a low
temperature and a low pressure of the fluid and rejects heat at a higher temperature and a higher
pressure of the fluid usually involving changes of the phase of the fluid.
Temperature glide: See glide
Zeotrope: A blend comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used in
refrigeration cycles, change composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or
condense at a constant pressure.
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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4.Refrigerant Supply Chain
The supply of refrigerants starts from the manufacturers. The blends are mixed in large storage
tanks and analyzed for purity and composition. At this point the product may be transferred into
“iso-containers” (18,000 liter containers that can hold ~30,000 lbs of refrigerant) in which large
quantities of refrigerant are shipped either domestically or internationally for later packaging at
other installations. Composition and purity are again verified in the iso-container. Another option
is tank trucks or railroad cars for bulk shipment to OEMs. However, much of the refrigerant is
packaged at the refrigerant manufacturer’s site into small disposable (nominally 25 to 30 lbs.) or
refillable cylinders (nominally 100 to 125 lbs.).
Currently, the most popular method for transporting refrigerant blends outside North America is to
use the large “iso-container”. These containers are shipped overseas to Europe, Asia, and other
parts of the world. Generally, the refrigerant from the iso-containers are transferred (often at a
refrigerant manufacturer’s remote location) into small ton tanks (900-liter vessels) where they are
shipped to various distributors. At these distributor locations the product is again transferred into
smaller service cylinders (12, 26, or 60-liter vessels). Most equipment is charged from these
service cylinders. Some large installations may utilize the ton cylinders directly. Also, larger
distributors of more popular refrigerants may receive the iso-containers directly and fill the service
cylinders without the intermediate step of filling the ton cylinders. This method of product delivery,
which involves multiple transfers, offers the most challenges for composition control.
Equipment manufacturers generally receive refrigerant in bulk shipments from the refrigerant
manufacturer. They have an on-site bulk storage tank that is periodically filled from either tank
trucks or in some cases railroad cars. The refrigerant is then pumped to charging stations that fill
the air conditioning or refrigeration equipment. Although it can be controlled, there is potential for
significant shifts of composition in this product delivery system as well.
Most of the refrigerant that is sold to the installation and service contractors in North America is
packaged at the refrigerant manufacturer’s plant. The refrigerant is transferred from the large
storage tanks to cylinder filling lines. This method of product delivery presents the least likelihood
of composition shifts since the composition is controlled at the manufacturer’s site.
5.Composition Change during Liquid Removal from Containers for Multicomponent
Refrigerant Mixtures
5.1 Introduction
To understand the potential composition changes during handling processes such as liquid
removal from containers, including refilling of storage tanks, a computer model was used. Model
calculated numbers were verified by comparison with experimental data from liquid removal tests.
Examples of composition changes are shown for four refrigerant mixtures: R-410A, R-407C, R-
404A, and R-507. The calculated numbers indicate that refrigerant mixtures can have
composition changes during the handling procedures that lead to out-of-specification
compositions. Special attention is required to maintain compositions within specifications during
the different handling procedures. A complete listing of ASHRAE designated refrigerant mixtures
with possible composition changes during liquid removal from containers is located in the
Appendix.
5.2 Liquid Removal from Containers
Tables 1 and 2 have the calculated composition changes as liquid is removed from containers of
R-410A, R-407C, R-507, and R-404A. Beginning liquid levels are at 85%, going down to 2%
liquid level.
January 2000
Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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Table 1. R-410A and R-407C Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers
(Calculations made at 25°C isothermal conditions)
R-410A (wt %) R-407C (wt %)
% Liquid Level R-32 R-125 R-32 R-125 R-134a
85 50.00 50.00 23.0 25.0 52.0
50 49.92 50.08 22.8 24.9 52.3
40 49.89 50.11 22.7 24.8 52.5
30 49.85 50.15 22.6 24.7 52.7
20 49.80 50.20 22.5 24.6 52.9
15 49.76 50.24 22.3 24.6 53.1
10 49.72 50.28 22.2 24.5 53.3
5 49.66 50.34 22.0 24.4 53.6
2 49.61 50.39 21.9 24.2 53.9
ASHRAE composition tolerances for R-410A are +0.5,-1.5% for R-32 and +1.5,-0.5% for R-125
(from the 50/50 wt% nominal composition); for R-407C the composition tolerances are +/-2% for
all three components from the 23/25/52 wt% nominal composition. If we consider the lowest liquid
level at 5%, then the R-410A composition change would be 0.34% and the highest R-407C
composition change would be 1.6%. These changes indicate that supplying R-407C at the
nominal composition could result in some refrigerant leaving the container being near the edge of
the specification (54% R-134A). Therefore, R-407C manufacturing specification should be set at
no higher than 52% R-134a. If a repackaging situation is considered such as iso-container or ton
tank to a smaller container such as a 100 lb cylinder or 30 lb disposable cylinder, the composition
changes from the small containers could be higher, suggesting an even tighter manufacturing
specification for R-134a in R-407C.
Table 2. R-507 and R-404A Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers
(Calculations made at 25°C isothermal conditions)
R-507 (wt %) R-404A (wt %)
% Liquid Level R125 R143a R125 R143a R134a
85 50.00 50.00 44.00 52.00 4.00
50 49.96 50.04 43.95 52.01 4.04
40 49.95 50.05 43.93 52.01 4.06
30 49.93 50.07 43.89 52.02 4.09
20 49.90 50.10 43.86 52.02 4.12
15 49.88 50.12 43.84 52.03 4.13
10 49.86 50.14 43.81 52.03 4.16
5 49.84 50.16 43.75 52.03 4.22
2 49.81 50.19 43.72 52.04 4.24
The proposed ASHRAE tolerances for R-507 are +0.5/-1.5% for R-143a and +1.5/-0.5% for R-
125. On the other hand, the UL specifications are 49.9-50.9% for R-125 and 49.1-50.1% for R-
143a. This can be stated as 50.4 +/-0.5% for R125 and 49.6 +/-0.5% for R143a. For R-404A, the
nominal composition is 44/52/4 wt%, with UL specifications being +/-1% for each component.
ASHRAE specifications are +/-2% for R-125 and R-134a, and +/-1% for R-143a. R-507, R-404A,
and R-410A have less composition shift than R-407C as can be seen by the composition
changes in Tables 1 and 2. However, these changes must be taken into consideration when
establishing manufacturing specifications.
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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refill refill
5.3 Storage Tank Liquid Removal and Refilling
Calculations were made for typical OEM procedures of refrigerant removal from storage tanks for
charging into equipment and storage tank refilling. We assumed an OEM storage tank of 6600
gallon and a tank truck of 5000 gallon. The storage tank was operated within liquid levels of 80%
to 15%. The tank truck arrived with 85% liquid level and transfers were made with vapor line
equalization. (Note: we also made calculations for transfers without vapor line equalization and
for the cases we describe in this report, there was essentially no difference - less than 0.1 wt%).
All liquid was transferred from the tank truck to the storage tank.
Figure 1 illustrates the composition changes for R-32 and R-125 in R-410A during storage tank
liquid removal from 80% to 15% liquid level, followed by refilling to 80% level with refrigerant from
the tank truck having the liquid composition of 50/50. wt% R-32/R-125.
Figure 1. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and
Refilling of R-410A
R-32/R-125 compositions in weight percent
The maximum change in composition is 0.3% at 15% liquid level, and the composition change
stabilizes after the second refilling of the OEM storage tank. The compositions are well within the
specifications of 48.5 - 50.5% for R-32 and 49.5 - 51.5% for R-125.
Figure 2 illustrates the compositions of R-32, R-125, and R-134a in R-407C during liquid removal
from 80% to 15% liquid level, followed by refilling to 80% level with refrigerant from the tank truck
having a liquid composition of 23/25/52 wt% R-32/R-125/R-134a. Vapor line equalization
assumed at 25°C.
Figure 2. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and
Refilling of R-407C
R-32/R-125/R-134a compositions in weight percent
80 % liquid level
15% liquid level
50.00/50.00
49.80/50.20
49.95/50.05
49.70/50.30
49.94/50.06
49.70/50.30
80 % liquid level
15% liquid level
23.0/25.0/52.0
22.3/24.6/53.1
22.9/24.9/52.2
22.2/24.5/53.3
22.8/24.9/52.3
22.2/24.5/53.3
refill refill
January 2000
Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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The maximum change in composition is 1.3% R-134a at 15% liquid level, and the composition
stabilizes after the second refilling of the OEM storage tank. The compositions are within the R-
407C specifications.
Figure 3 illustrates the compositions of R-125 and R-143a in R-507 during the same liquid
removal and refilling operations. The maximum change in composition is 0.14%.
Figure 3. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during
Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-507
R-125/R-143a compositions in weight percent
Figure 4 illustrates the compositions of R-125, R-143a, and R-134a in R-404A during the liquid
removal and refilling operation. The maximum change in composition is 0.19% for R-125.
Figure 4. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during
Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-404A
R-125/R-143a/R-134a compositions in weight percent
5.4 Refrigerant Transfers to Smaller Containers
We can also illustrate graphically the composition changes that can occur when transferring liquid
from one storage container to a second container, followed by liquid removal from the second
container. In the next figure (Figure 5), we illustrate the R-134a compositions of a primary
container of R-407C (initially having R-134a composition of 52.0%) which is used to fill other
containers. The primary container liquid level has been reduced to 50% at which point transfer to
the second container begins. The second container is filled to 85% level, with the R-134a
concentration in the second container being at 52.4%. As liquid is removed from the second
container, the R-134a concentration begins to increase, but staying within the maximum
specification of 54% R-134a down to 5% liquid level.
80 % liquid level
15% liquid level
50.00/50.00
49.89/50.11
49.97/50.03
49.86/50.14
49.97/50.03
49.86/50.14
refill refill
80 % liquid level
15% liquid level
44.00/52.00/4.00
43.86/52.02/4.12
43.96/52.01/4.03
43.82/52.03/4.15
43.95/52.01/4.04
43.81/52.03/4.16
refill refill
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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We now describe (Figure 6) refrigerant transfers when the primary container has been reduced to
lower levels of refrigerant. If liquid is taken from the primary container at the 20% level, R-134a
concentration in the second container will initially be at 53%. Refrigerant in this second container
will be above the R-134a composition specification when refrigerant liquid has been removed
down to a liquid level of 18%. If liquid from the primary container at 5% liquid level is used to fill
containers, the second container compositions will initially be at 53.7% R-134a, and will be above
the R-134a specification when refrigerant liquid has been removed down to a liquid level of 50%.
FIGURE 5
R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw
from Primary and Second Containers
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
% Liquid Level in Primary and Second Containers
Wt.% R-134a
Primary
Container
R-134a Spec.Max.
Second Container filled to
85% level with liquid from
Primary Container at 50%
liquid level
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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FIGURE 6
6.Suggestions for Minimizing Composition Changes
Fractionation of blended refrigerants can be minimized by following proper handling techniques.
Initially, make sure that the system being charged is not leaking. Slow leaks, especially from the
vapor phase, can cause composition changes. By careful leak checking and prompt leak repair,
leaks will have a reduced effect on refrigerant composition.
The liquid and vapor phases in a container are not necessarily at the same composition. Since
the intended composition is that of the liquid, filling should always be done from the liquid phase.
This will minimize compositional changes resulting from the transfer.
Operations such as bulk transfer to storage tanks could affect the composition of zeotropic blends
due to fractionation (see Section 5). Vapor equalization is sometimes used when refilling a tank
with a bulk delivery. Here, the refrigerant is unloaded by using a liquid pump to move the liquid
product to a secondary tank while the top of the primary and secondary tanks are interconnected
by another hose to allow refrigerant vapor to move from one vessel to the other1. Vapor
equalization will have minimal impact on fractionation, but care should be exercised to avoid
contamination of the delivery tank with a different refrigerant.
R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from
Primary and Second Containers
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
55.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
% Liquid Level in Primary and Second Containers
Wt.% R-134a
Primary
Container
R-134a Spec.Max.
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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The ambient temperature, amount of refrigerant remaining, etc. can impact blend composition. As
already shown in Figures 5 and 6, it may not always be possible to use all the refrigerant liquid in
the container and stay within ASHRAE composition specifications (also see Section 7.4). Ideally,
analytical equipment, particularly a gas chromatograph, should be used to verify the liquid
composition of a refrigerant blend.
Refrigerant manufacturers can assist customers with procedures for transferring refrigerant
blends. The extent of composition change can be minimized by careful adherence to proper
procedures.
7. Handling of Series 400 (Zeotropic) Refrigerants
7.1 System Leakage and recharging
Leaks in systems occur either while the system is operating or while the system is off. The worst
case change in refrigerant composition (fractionation) is when the leak occurs while the system is
off. In typical refrigeration systems the circulating composition of all blended refrigerants can
change from the nominal composition. Experience has shown that small changes in refrigerant
composition have a negligible effect on performance in the vast majority of systems since
refrigerant performance is not very sensitive to changes in composition.
Recharging the system with the original composition of a zeotropic refrigerant after leakage
typically results in small changes in the composition of the refrigerant in the system. Performance
changes are usually very small, on the order of only several percent in both capacity and COP.
Systems operating with minimal superheat are sensitive to refrigerant composition changes.
These systems should have the superheat checked after recharging.
7.2 System Charging
When both liquid and vapor are present in a cylinder containing a series 400 refrigerant, the
saturated vapor composition can be significantly different than the liquid composition. This means
that only liquid should be removed from the container for charging into systems. Cylinders not
fitted with dip-tubes should be inverted to allow liquid charging to take place. If vapor charging is
required, a throttling valve or equivalent must be used on the cylinder outlet to vaporize the liquid
refrigerant before it enters the system.
7.3 Liquid and Vapor Composition in Containers
The composition of the liquid refrigerant in the cylinder changes slightly as liquid refrigerant is
removed but this is not normally significant until the cylinder is almost empty (typically in the
range of 5 to 15% liquid). The composition of the vapor in the cylinder will be different from the
liquid composition and should not be used to charge systems.
7.4 Liquid Filling from Container to System
Different filling procedures apply depending on the ambient temperature and the relative size of
the filling container in combination with the refrigeration system being charged. In general terms if
the container of 400 series refrigerant remains below 85°F during the charging process, the
composition of refrigerant blend added to the system remains nearly constant as the container is
emptied. The following procedures also apply;
(a) If a large container is used to fill many smaller systems most of the liquid (85 to 95%) may be
used. Beyond this point, the liquid composition should be verified per ARI Standard 700. The
vapor in the container should not be used to charge a system. The refrigerant blend remaining in
the container should be returned as a heel for reclaim.
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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(b) Where the size of the container and the system being charged are comparable in size, it is
possible to use all the contents of the container. As a guide, if the refrigeration system can be
filled entirely from the last 20% of the cylinder contents then the composition filled into the system
will be within specification.
(c) For large refrigeration systems, one or more full containers can be emptied completely
(leaving a slight positive pressure) without any measurable change in composition.
Disclaimer
All Information contained in this document is believed to be accurate but is made without
guaranty or warranty of any kind either express or implied. Users must satisfy themselves that
this information is entirely suitable for their purpose and process. Users assume all responsibility
through use or application of the information herein. Statements concerning use of this
information do not grant a license under any patent and do not recommend the infringement of
any patent.
References
1- P. Pieczarka and J. Lavelle, 1996, “Storage, Bulk Transfer, and In-Plant Handling of
Zeotropic Refrigerant Blends,” Proceedings of the 1996 International Refrigeration
Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 107-112.
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Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging
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Appendix
SUMMARY OF LIQUID DRAW CALCULATIONS
Composition changes resulting from the liquid draw calculations have either been provided by the manufacturers or
calculated by members of the ARI Chemicals Engineering Committee. The information has been provided for
references purposes only and should be treated as such.
Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance
(Wt%) @ 25oC for 85% to 5% (Wt%)
Liquid (Wt%)
R-401A R-22: 53 –1.1 +/-2
R-152a:13 +0.28 +0.5, -1.5
R-124: 34 +0.82 +/-1
R-401B R-22: 61 –1.0 +/-2
R-152a:11 +0.27 +0.5, -1.5
R-124: 28 +0.78 +/-1
R-402A R-22: 38 +0.67 +/-2
R-125: 60 -0.63 +/-2
R-290: 2 -0.04 +/-1
R-402B R-22: 60 +0.71 +/-2
R-125: 38 -0.64 +/-2
R-290: 2 -0.04 +/-1
R-403B R-22: 56 +0.51 +/-2
R-218: 39 -0.59 +/-2
R-290: 5 -0.08 +0.2, -2
R-404A R-125: 44 -0.25 +/-2
R-143a:52 +0.03 +/-1
R-134a: 4 +0.22 +/-2
R-405A R-22: 45 +0.67 +/-2
R-152a:7 -0.48 +/-1
R-142b:5.5 +0.1 +/-1
RC318:42.5 -0.29 +/-2
R-406A R-22: 55 -1.46 +/-2
R-600a:4 0.0 +/-1
R-142b:41 +1.46 +/-1
R-407A R-32: 20 -0.56 +/-2
R-125: 40 -0.69 +/-2
R-134a:40 +1.25 +/-2
R-407B R-32: 10 -0.29 +/-2
R-125: 70 -0.58 +/-2
R-134a:20 +0.87 +/-2
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Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance
(Wt%) @ 25oC for 85% to 5% (Wt%)
Liquid (Wt%)
R-407C R-32: 23 -1.0 +/-2
R-125: 25 -0.6 +/-2
R-134a:52 +1.6 +/-2
R-407D R-32: 15 -0.53 +/-2
R-125: 15 -0.45 +/-2
R-134a:70 +0.98 +/-2
R-407E R-32: 25 -0.77 +/-2
R-125: 15 -0.38 +/-2
R-134a:60 +1.15 +/-2
R-408A R-125: 7 -0.16 +/-2
R-143a:46 -0.39 +/-1
R-22: 47 +0.55 +/-2
R-409A R-22: 60 -1.56 +/-2
R-124: 25 +0.8 +/-2
R-142b:15 +0.75 +/-1
R-409B R-22: 65 -1.46 +/-2
R-124: 25 +0.9 +/-2
R-142b:10 +0.55 +/-1
R-410A R-32: 50 -0.35 +0.5, -1.5
R-125: 50 +0.35 +1.5, -0.5
R-411A R-1270:1.5 -0.07 +0, -1
R-22: 87.5 +0.75 +2, -0
R-152a:11 -0.68 +0, -1
R-411B R-1270:3 -0.14 +0, -1
R-22: 94 +0.97 +2, -0
R-152a:3 -0.83 +0, -1
R-411C R-1270:3 -0.14 +0, -0.5
R-22: 95.5 +0.38 +1, -0
R-152a:1.5 -0.25 +0, -0.5
R-412A R-22: 70 -0.55 +/-2
R-218: 5 -0.36 +/-2
R-142b:25 +0.91 +/-1
R-413A R-218: 9 -0.9 +/-1
R-134a:88 +1.09 +/-2
R-600a:3 -0.19 +0,-1
R-414A R-22: 51 -1.48 +/-2
R-124: 28.5 +0.84 +/-2
R-600a:4 -0.01 +/-0.5
R-142b:16.5 +0.65 +0.5, -1
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Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance
(Wt%) @ 25oC for 85% to 5% (Wt%)
Liquid (Wt%)
R-414B R-22: 50 -1.48 +/-2
R-124: 39 +1.13 +/-2
R-600a:1.5 -0.01 +/-0.5
R-142b:9.5 +0.36 +0.5, -1
R-416A R-134a:59 -0.83 +0.5, -1
R-124: 39.5 +0.88 +1, -0.5
R-600: 1.5 -0.05 +0.0, -0.3
R-507* R-125: 50 -0.17 +1.5, -0.5
R-143a:50 +0.2 +0.5, -1.5
R-508A R-23: 39 -0.26 +/-2
R-116: 61 +0.26 +/-2
R-508B R-23: 46 -0.33 +/-2
R-116: 54 +0.33 +/-2
R-509A R-22: 44 -0.16 +/-2
R-218: 56 +0.16 +/-2
* The listed tolerances for R-507were proposed to ASHRAE and have not yet been published.